The Kerala State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB) on April 20, 2026, issued Revised Standard operating Procedure for Swine (Pig) Farms.
Pig farms are classified under the Green category, indicating relatively lower pollution potential. Small units with fewer than five adult pigs are exempt from consent requirements, provided they implement basic waste management systems such as biogas plants, septic tanks, and soak pits. Distance norms are prescribed based on the number of pigs, ranging from 50 meters (for 6–15 pigs) to 100 meters (for more than 50 pigs) from residential areas, along with adherence to building setback rules. Adult pigs are defined as those aged six months or above, and a mother pig with piglets is counted as one adult unit.
The guidelines also specify waste generation norms, estimating about 25 litres of wastewater and 4 kg of dung per pig per day, which can be reduced through efficient practices like pressure washers and automatic systems. Proper waste treatment infrastructure, such as biogas plants (preferably multiple units for large farms), septic tanks, and soak pits, is mandatory. Generated biogas should be utilized or safely flared.
Environmental management measures include composting biodegradable waste, scientific disposal of dead animals through deep burial pits, and ensuring no contamination of surface or groundwater. Feeding practices must also be hygienic, with proper storage of leftover food and maintenance of records regarding its collection and usage.
Additionally, farms are required to implement adequate odour control measures to minimize nuisance and maintain environmental standards, ensuring sustainable and hygienic pig farming practices.
[Notification No. KSPCB/406/2023-SEE-3]
